Mako Shark: Speed, Size and Teeth

The mako shark, one of the ocean’s most remarkable predators, is often celebrated for its incredible speed, impressive size, and razor-sharp teeth. Known scientifically as Isurus, this species is divided into two primary types: the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and the longfin mako (Isurus paucus). Both are exceptional in their own right, but the shortfin mako tends to steal the spotlight as the fastest shark in the world.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive deep into the fascinating traits that make mako sharks a subject of awe and intrigue—their unparalleled speed, notable size, and formidable teeth.

Speed: The Fastest Shark in the Ocean

When discussing speed in the underwater world, the shortfin mako is a name that consistently stands out. These sharks are renowned for their agility and rapid movements, earning them the title of the fastest shark species.

How Fast Can Mako Sharks Swim?

Shortfin mako sharks can reach speeds of up to 60 miles per hour (97 kilometers per hour) in short bursts. This incredible velocity allows them to outpace most marine creatures, making them formidable hunters. The secret to their speed lies in their streamlined body design, powerful tail (caudal fin), and specialized skin.

The Role of Skin in Speed

Mako sharks possess dermal denticles—tiny, tooth-like structures on their skin that reduce drag and turbulence as they move through the water. These denticles are perfectly aligned to channel water efficiently, allowing the shark to glide effortlessly even at high speeds.

Hunting and Escaping

Their speed is not just for show; it serves practical purposes in hunting and evading predators. Mako sharks rely on their swiftness to ambush prey like tuna, mackerel, and squid. Additionally, their agility helps them escape larger predators, including orcas and humans.

Size: Compact Yet Mighty

While mako sharks may not be the largest sharks in the ocean, their size is nothing to scoff at. These sleek predators are built for both power and endurance.

Average Size and Weight

Shortfin mako sharks typically grow to a length of 10 feet (3 meters), although some individuals can reach up to 13 feet (4 meters). They usually weigh between 130 to 300 pounds (60 to 135 kilograms), with larger specimens tipping the scales at around 1,000 pounds (450 kilograms).

Longfin vs. Shortfin Mako

The longfin mako is slightly larger on average than its shortfin counterpart. However, it is less studied and encountered, making the shortfin mako the more well-known of the two.

Growth Rates

Mako sharks are relatively fast-growing compared to other shark species. They grow about 1 foot per year during their early life stages, reaching maturity at around 8 to 12 years. Their lifespan is estimated to be around 28 to 35 years in the wild.

Teeth: A Perfect Hunting Tool

The teeth of the mako shark are perhaps its most defining characteristic. With rows of sharp, pointed teeth, these predators are equipped to tear through their prey with ease.

Anatomy of Mako Shark Teeth

Mako sharks have distinctive teeth that are:

• Long and slender: Unlike the triangular teeth of a great white shark, mako shark teeth are narrow and pointed.
• Smooth-edged: The lack of serrations allows the teeth to penetrate flesh effortlessly.
• Visible even when the mouth is closed: This feature gives the mako shark a menacing appearance.

How Many Teeth Do Mako Sharks Have?

Mako sharks have around 24 to 26 teeth in the upper jaw and 22 to 24 teeth in the lower jaw. These teeth are arranged in multiple rows, with new teeth continuously replacing old or lost ones throughout the shark’s life.

Function in Feeding

The shape and structure of their teeth are perfectly adapted for gripping and slicing through slippery prey like fish and squid. Unlike other sharks that rely on biting and shaking their prey, makos often bite cleanly through their target with remarkable precision.

The Role of Speed, Size, and Teeth in the Ecosystem

The mako shark’s combination of speed, size, and teeth makes it a key player in marine ecosystems. As apex predators, they help regulate populations of mid-level predators and maintain balance in the food chain.

Prey Selection

Makos primarily feed on fast-moving fish such as tuna, swordfish, and mackerel. They are also known to eat cephalopods like squid. Their speed allows them to chase down even the quickest prey, while their teeth ensure they can consume a wide variety of marine animals.

Impact on Fisheries

Due to their preference for commercially important fish species, mako sharks often come into conflict with human activities. Overfishing and bycatch have significantly impacted their populations, leading to concerns about their conservation status.

Conservation Status

Despite their prowess, mako sharks face numerous threats in today’s oceans. Both the shortfin and longfin mako are listed as Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.

Threats to Mako Sharks

1. Overfishing: Makos are targeted for their meat and fins, which are highly valued in international markets.
2. Bycatch: They are frequently caught unintentionally in fishing gear meant for other species.
3. Habitat Degradation: Pollution and climate change are altering marine environments, affecting the availability of prey and suitable habitats.

Conservation Efforts

Efforts to protect mako sharks include:

• Fishing regulations: Imposing limits on catch and trade of mako sharks.
• Marine protected areas (MPAs): Designating specific zones where fishing is restricted or prohibited.
• Public awareness campaigns: Educating people about the ecological importance of mako sharks.

Fascinating Facts About Mako Sharks

1. Olympian Swimmers: Makos are sometimes called the “cheetahs of the sea” because of their unparalleled speed.
2. High Intelligence: Mako sharks are considered one of the most intelligent shark species due to their problem-solving abilities and social behaviors.
3. Leaping Ability: They can breach the water’s surface, leaping up to 20 feet (6 meters) into the air while hunting or evading capture.
4. Wide Range: Makos are found in temperate and tropical waters worldwide, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Conclusion

The mako shark’s extraordinary speed, impressive size, and razor-sharp teeth make it one of the ocean’s most formidable predators. These traits not only highlight their evolutionary success but also underscore the critical role they play in marine ecosystems. However, the challenges posed by human activities threaten their survival, making conservation efforts more important than ever.

By understanding and appreciating the unique qualities of mako sharks, we can contribute to their preservation and ensure that these incredible creatures continue to thrive in our oceans for generations to come.